Mar 3, 2009 · Since this question is actually asking about subprocess output, you have more direct approaches available. The most convenient would be using subprocess.check_output and passing text=True (Python 3.7+) to automatically decode stdout using the system default coding:

Jun 3, 2011 · The result of the above code will be a byte string. If you print it, Python will represent it as b'I am a string'. Remember, however, that byte strings aren't human-readable, it's just that Python decodes them from ASCII when you print them. In Python, a byte string is represented by a b, followed by the byte string's ASCII representation.

Just a cautionary note from Python in a Nutshell about bytes: Avoid using the bytes type as a function with an integer argument. In v2 this returns the integer converted to a (byte)string because bytes is an alias for str, while in v3 it returns a …

Apr 3, 2014 · It is distinct from a Python 3 str (or, more descriptively, a unicode in Python 2.7) which is a string of abstract Unicode characters (a.k.a. UTF-32, though Python 3 adds fancy compression under the hood to reduce the actual memory footprint similar to UTF-8, perhaps even in a more general way).

Jul 14, 2020 · The primary difference is that a bytes object is immutable, meaning that once created, you cannot modify its elements. By contrast, a bytearray object allows you to modify its elements. Both bytes and bytearray provide functions to encode and decode strings. bytes and encoding strings. A bytes object can be constructed in a few different ways:

May 7, 2018 · Instead, use an encoding that does interpret every possible sequence of bytes as a string. The most straightforward of these is ISO-8859-1, which simply maps each byte one at a time to the first 256 Unicode code points respectively.

bytes_string=part.get_payload(decode=False) The payload comes in as a byte string, as my variable name suggests. I am trying to use the recommended Python 3 approach to turn this string into a usable string that I can manipulate.

Feb 3, 2016 · The first question, the title of this post, is What is the proper way to determine if an object is a bytes-like object in Python? This includes a number of built-in types ( bytes , bytearray , array.array , memoryview , others?) and possibly also user-defined types.

May 25, 2013 · If the data is in an UTF-8 compatible format, you can convert the bytes to a string. >>> print(str(b"hello", "utf-8")) hello Optionally, convert to hex first if the data is not UTF-8 compatible (e.g. data is raw bytes).

If it's a Python 2.x str, get its len. If it's a Python 3.x str (or a Python 2.x unicode), first encode to bytes (or a str, respectively) using your preferred encoding ('utf-8' is a good choice) and then get the len of the encoded bytes/str object.